The Comprehensive Collection of Python Commands

Python, an elegant and versatile programming language, boasts a robust set of commands that empower developers to create robust applications. In this article, we delve into the comprehensive collection of Python commands, categorizing them to provide a clearer understanding of their functionality.

1. Basic Commands

• print(): Displays output on the console.

pythonprint("Hello, World!")


input(): Reads user input from the console.

pythonuser_input = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + user_input + "!")

2. Variables and Data Types

Python supports various data types such as integers, floats, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets, and Booleans.

python# Examples of different data types
x = 10    # Integer
y = 3.14  # Float
name = "Alice"  # String

3. Control Flow Statements

if, elif, else: Conditional statements.

pythonif x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
else:
    print("x is not greater than 5")


for: Iterates over sequences.

pythonfor i in range(5):
    print(i)


while: Executes a block repeatedly based on a condition.

pythoncount = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

4. Functions and Modules

def: Defines a new function.

pythondef greet(name):
    return "Hello, " + name + "!"


import: Imports modules or libraries.

pythonimport math
print(math.sqrt(16))

5. Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries

Lists: Ordered, mutable collections.

pythonmy_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]


Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections.

pythonmy_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4)


Dictionaries: Unordered, mutable collections of key-value pairs.

pythonmy_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}

6. File and Directory Manipulation

open(): Opens a file for reading or writing.

pythonwith open("file.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Hello, World!")


os: Provides methods for interacting with the operating system.

pythonimport os
print(os.listdir("."))

7. Exception Handling

try, except, finally: Handles errors and exceptions gracefully.

pythontry:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero!")

8. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Python supports OOP through the use of classes and objects.

pythonclass Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

person = Person("Alice", 30)
print(person.name)

9. Lambda Functions and Anonymous Functions

lambda: Creates small anonymous functions.

pythonsquare = lambda x: x ** 2
print(square(5))  # Outputs 25

Conclusion
This comprehensive collection of Python commands provides a glimpse into the vast array of features and functionalities available in the language. While this list is not exhaustive, it covers the fundamental commands that form the backbone of Python programming. With further exploration and practice, you’ll discover even more commands and techniques that can enhance your Python programming skills.